Freke Estate (Cork) Survey of 1787/88 by Thomas Sherrard

• Sir John Freke (1765-1845), who succeeded to the title of 6th Baron Carbery on the death of his cousin John Evans, fifth Baron Carbery in 1807, was an extensive Munster landowner of the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. Thomas Sherrard (1750-1837),  a prominent Dublin-based land surveyor,  learned his profession as an apprentice to Bernard Scalé (1738-1826), the most notable pupil of the renowned 18th century Huguenot cartographer John Rocque (c. 1705-1762), who revolutionised cartography and surveying in Ireland during the circa six years he spent based in Dublin during the 1750s. As well as his salaried public appointment as surveyor and secretary to the Dublin Wide Streets Commission (Sherrard Street, Upper and Lower, in Dublin is named after him), Sherrard was a leading player in the business of mapping and valuing private estates in Ireland. (see History Ireland article by P. Duffy, St. Patrick’s College, Maynooth, and references therein, for an overview of 18th century estate maps).  One of these commissions was to carry out a survey of the County Cork holdings of the Freke estate. A black and white photostat copy of this survey in good condition is held by the National Library of Ireland (Manuscript Map 21 F 105).
  
  
• The original document survives intact in private hands, information that came to the author’s attention several years ago courtesy of his cousin Joseph McCarthy. Its custodian, the Dean of Ross, Christopher Peters, has generously granted UCC access to digitize the document, and the digitization work was carried out in 2017 by Mr. Tomas Tyner of UCC Audio Visual Services with funding provided by UCC School of History. The document, of width 73 cm and height 52.5 cm, comprises a front cover and title page, both dated 1787, a 'General Survey' showing the relative locations (identified by page numbers) of all maps, and 37 numbered survey maps for 46 townlands (55 when including cases where single townlands in the survey correspond to multiple townlands today), distributed across 14 civil parishes in three baronies stretching from Durrus at the mouth of Dunmanus Bay to Athnowen near Cork City. With the exception of Maps 5,11 and 28 which are undated, all maps are dated 1788. A reference for the town of Rosscarbery (Map 17, which is framed) tabulates occupier names and corresponding house indices for some 140 dwellings and a minimum of 126 distinct occupiers (when multiple ocurrences of the same name are assumed to relate to one individual). The breakdown in dwelling categories is as follows: 90 cabins, 37 houses and 14 slate houses which equates to an approximate percentage breakdown of 65:25:10. A similar reference for the Borough of Baltimore lists the 20 distinct occupiers of 28 dwellings or land holdings, whose locations are identified on Map 21. With the exception of Map 17, all maps are on a scale of 1 inch to 20 perches, or 1:3960. An index of all townlands in the survey, together with their acreages, is also included and gives the total area of the surveyed lands as 15, 276 statute acres (with minor exclusions).


• The main table below (Table 1) with the title 'Townland Survey Maps' comprises nine columns, the contents of which are described in the column headings. The individual survey maps are accessed from the first column. The linked image corresponds to the survey page number given in the second column. These page numbers are shown both in the 'General Survey' and in the 'Index of townlands'.  In most cases, the boundary of a townland in the survey is readily identifiable with the current townland boundary (accessed via links provided to townlands.ie in the third column), albeit often with an implicit rotation (by as much as 90 degrees, see for example the townland of Clodagh, Map 27) of the survey map given that the North Arrow is rarely pointing straight upwards, and moreover is frequently oriented incorrectly. In general, the 1787/88 and current boundaries match very well, and this is mirrored by the similarities between the survey acreages given in column eight and those taken from townlands.ie in column nine (the letters a, r, p  refer to acres, roods, perches (recte square perches); one acre = four roods and one rood = forty perches and all quantities are in statute measure).  In some instances, however, additional composite maps are provided via links in the second column. These were deemed necessary where the correspondence between 1787/88 and current townland boundaries is not easily discernible, or where a single townland boundary in the survey encompasses multiple present-day townlands. This is most pronounced in the case of Bally Island (Map 26 of the survey), where what is described as a single townland of 823 statute acres encompasses (with minor boundary changes) no fewer than six distinct townlands today. The converse also occurs, e.g. in the case of the modern townland of Curraghbeg (Athnowen civil parish) where the same boundary encompassed three separate townlands in 1787/88 (see Maps 32-34).  In such cases, the acreages given in columns eight and nine disagree; however curly brackets in one of the two final columns are used to indicate a grouping of vertically adjacent acreages whose sum, in each of the four cases where this circumstance arises, is very close to the corresponding unbracketed total acreage in the other column.


• In eight of the 37 maps (Maps 4,10,11,13,16,18,19 and 24) the names of individual tenants and the location of their holdings are specified. This information is reproduced in Table 2 with the title 'Named tenants and their holdings'.


• The information in the Town of Old Ross reference is reproduced in Table 3 ('Reference for Town of Old Ross'). In like manner, the information in the Borough of Baltimore reference is reproduced in Table 4 ('Reference for Borough of Baltimore').


• All but one of the maps contain information on lands bordering Freke Estate lands and their owners. This information is reproduced in Table 5 with the title 'Adjacent lands (not belonging to the Freke Estate) and their owners '. It also includes occasional topographical features.


• A lettings advertisement for circa two thirds of the lands included in the 1787/88 survey appeared in the Cork Evening Post edition of 31/8/1786 (referenced in "Old World Colony, Cork and South Munster 1630-1830", David Dickson, (CUP, 2005) p.341). This reproduction of the advertisement from microfiche (courtesy of the National Library of Ireland) is of sometimes challenging legibility, and for convenience the contents are provided in the form of a transcription presented in Table 6(a-c) with question marks appended to poorly legible text. (Text from the advertisement is in italics or enclosed in quotes to differentiate it from notes referring to the tables.) It includes the number of plowlands (sic) in each townland as well as townland acreages. The wide variation in the acreages associated with each ploughland - ranging from 101 acres for one ploughland in the case of Milltown to 456 acres per ploughland for the three ploughlands of Ballycomaune - reflects the use of the ploughland measure as an indicator of the quality of the land rather than of a fixed acreage: Milltown is described on Map 4 as "Arable Meadow and Pasture" whereas only 266 acres of Ballycomaune (Middle Division) is rated as "Arable and Pasture", corresponding to 87 acres of good land per ploughland. Of the remaining land, 318 acres is labelled "Course Mountain Pasture" and the balance of 730 acres is described as "Arable and Mountain Pasture". The 1787/88 survey acreages, as recorded by Sherrard in the course of the two years following this advertisement, are reproduced in the last column for comparison. Spelling of townland names in the advertisement deviates, sometimes significantly, from those of the survey in the first column of the main table.


• Pádraig Mac Cárthaigh,  Earrach, 2019
• (I wish to thank Kenneth Nicholls and Paul MacCotter for their invaluable guidance in preparing these notes and Andy Bielenberg for pointing me towards the work of David Dickson. I take sole responsibility, however, for any inaccuracies that may lurk in the text.)


• Front Cover


• Title Page

Civil Parishes and Townlands in the Freke Estate (Cork) Survey of 1787/88 by Thomas Sherrard

• General Survey key to maps

Civil Parishes with number of survey townlands and parish total listed. (Links courtesy of townlands.ie; leaganacha Gaeilge buíochas le logainm.ie)

• Ross   (An Ros)   (10 of 40 townlands)
• Rathbarry   (Ráth an Bharraigh)   (10 of 21 townlands)
• Lislee   (Lios Lao)   (1 of 31 townlands)
• Kilkerranmore   (Cill Chiaráin Mhór)   (5 of 27 townlands)
• Fanlobbus   (Fán Lóbais)   (1 of 83 townlands)
• Castleventry   (Caisleán na Gaoithe)   (1 of 16 townlands)
• Kilfaughnabeg   (Cill Fachna Bheag)   (1 of 17 townlands)
• Tullagh   (An Tullach)   (3 of 36 townlands)
• Creagh   (An Chraobhach)   (7 of 33 townlands)
• Aghadown   (Achadh Dúin)   (6 of 44 townlands)
• Caheragh   (Cathrach)   (1 of 57 townlands)
• Dromdaleague   (Drom Dhá Liag)   (1 of 52 townlands)
• Durrus   (Dúras)   (1 of 27 townlands)
• Athnowen   (Áth na nUamhann)   (7 of 12 townlands)

Table 1: Townland Survey Maps (Leaganacha Gaeilge buíochas le logainm.ie)

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Townland map from Freke Estate Survey	Map number (old/new boundaries)	Modern name and boundary	Leagan Gaeilge	Civil Parish	Barony in Survey Index	Barony in townlands.ie	Land Area in Survey	Land Area in townlands.ie
Castlefreke Domain	1   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Castlefreke	Ráth an Bharraigh	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	325 a   2 r   5 p	381 a   3 r   36 p
Castlefreke Domain Reference		Castlefreke	Ráth an Bharraigh	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane
Warren of Castle Freke	2	Castlefreke-Warren	An Coinicéar	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	163 a   3 r   27 p	192 a   2 r   8 p
Castlefreke Island	3   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Castlefreke-island	Oileán Ráth an Bharraigh	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	229 a   3 r   10 p	204 a   0 r   6 p
Carrigfadeen	4   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Carrigfadeen	Carraig Pháidín	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	152 a   2 r   26 p	79 a   0 r   33 p
Maullatrahane	4   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Maulatrahane	Meall an tSrutháin	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	65 a   0 r   0 p	112 a   0 r   3 p
Milltown	4   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Milltown	Baile an Mhuilinn	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	103 a   3 r   32 p	81 a   0 r   5 p
Gortagreenaune	5	Gortagrenane	Gort an Ghrianáin	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	119 a   0 r   20 p	121 a   3 r   16 p
Little Island	6	Little-Island	An tOileán Beag	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	118 a   3 r   5 p	121 a   0 r   6 p
Knocknagapple	7	Knocknagappul	Cnoc na gCapall	Rathbarry	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	102 a   1 r   0 p	100 a   1 r   22 p
Knocknagehee	8	Knocknageehy	Cnoc na Gaoithe	Ross	Ibaune and Barryroe	East Carbery (West Division)	247 a   0 r   39 p	249 a   0 r   32 p
Ballymackshoneene	9	Ballymacshoneen	Baile Mhic Sheoinín	Lislee	Ibaune and Barryroe	Barryroe	235 a   0 r   5 p	239 a   2 r   1 p
Woodfield	10   (1787/88 and   modern boundaries)	Woodfield	Doire Luain	Kilkerranmore	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	{169 a   3 r   8 p	603 a   1 r   27 p
Paulbeg (Part of modern Woodfield)	10		(Ainm Gaeilge le deimhniú)	Kilkerranmore	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	{241 a   0 r   32 p	-
Ballyvackey* (Part of modern Woodfield)	10		Baile an Bhacaigh	Kilkerranmore	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	{190 a   3 r   15 p	-
Gorralocka (1787/88 and modern boundaries)	10	Garralacka	Garbhleaca	Kilkerranmore	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	233 a   0 r   13 p	228 a   2 r   39 p
Maullicorcoran	11	Maulycorcoran	Meall Uí Chorcráin	Kilkerranmore	Ibaune and Barryroe	Ibane	135 a   3 r   19 p	135 a   3 r   19 p
Keenrath	12	Keenrath	Caoinráth	Fanlobbus	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	417 a   1 r   8 p	428 a   2 r   25 p
Coolcraheen	13	Coolcraheen	Cúil Chraithín	Castleventry	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	288 a   0 r   14 p	270 a   3 r   39 p
Cahirbeg	14	Caherbeg	An Chathair Bheag	(Ross) Rathbarry	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	363 a   1 r   20 p	370 a   3 r   7 p
Garrane	15	Garrane	An Garrán	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	132 a   3 r   20 p	133 a   0 r   24 p
Lissard	15	Lissard	An Lios Ard	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	86 a   3 r   25 p	88 a   0 r   19 p
Bohenaughts	16	Bohonagh	Bothanach	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	367 a   2 r   18 p	368 a   2 r   26 p
Ballywoolaghan	16	Ballyhoulahan	Baile Uí Uallacháin	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	77 a   2 r   3 p	77 a   2 r   29 p
Town of Old Ross	17	Townlands	Talamh an Bhaile	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	40 a   1 r   36 p	60 a   0 r   6 p
Town of Old Ross Reference	Reference for Old Ross	Townlands	Talamh an Bhaile	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)
Curragheen	18	Curraheen	An Curraichín	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	87 a   1 r   6 p	85 a   3 r   5 p
Meaule	18	Maul	An Mhaoil	Ross	East Carbery (West Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	114 a   3 r   0 p	114 a   2 r   35 p
Ballyvireen	19	Ballyvireen	Baile Uí Mhirín	Ross	West Carbery   (East Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	287 a   1 r   20 p	287 a   0 r   36 p
Creg	20	Cregg	An Chreag	Kilfaughnabeg	West Carbery (East Division)	East Carbery (West Division)	191 a   3 r   35 p	187 a   0 r   15 p
Borough of Baltimore	21	Baltimore	Dún na Séad	Ross	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	575 a   2 r   34 p	636 a   1 r   33 p
Baltimore Reference	Reference for Baltimore	Baltimore	Dún na Séad	Ross	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)
Ballylinchey	22	Ballylinchy	Baile Uí Loingseacháin	Tullagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	781 a   0 r   6 p	811 a   2 r   39 p
Ballymacrown	23	Ballymacrown	Baile Mhic Eiriúin	Tullagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	637 a   3 r   9 p	669 a   2 r   30 p
Rathmore	24	Rathmore	An Ráth Mhór	Tullagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	708 a   3 r   18 p	713 a   0 r   24 p
Lackahane	25	Lackaghane	Leacachán	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	190 a   3 r   25 p	182 a   1 r   26 p
Bally Island	26	Ballyisland	Baile an Oileáin	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	823 a   0 r   0 p	{107 a   1 r   5 p
(Part of Bally Island)	26	Ballyoughtera	An Baile Uachtarach	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{156 a   1 r   26 p
(Part of Bally Island)	26	Lahernathee	Leathfhearann an Tí	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{121 a   1 r   10 p
(Part of Bally Island)	26	Curravally	An Corrbhaile	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{106 a   0 r   21 p
(Part of Bally Island)	26	Ballyally	Baile Uí Áille	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{198 a   3 r   38 p
(Part of Bally Island)	26	Drumadoon	Drom an Dúin	Creagh	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{139 a   2 r   34 p
Clodough	27	Clodagh	An Cladach	Dromdaleague	West Carbery (East Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	1026 a   0 r   33 p	1048 a   0 r   10 p
Mohenaugh	28	Mohenagh	An Mhúchánach	(Abbeystrowry) Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	662 a   2 r   5 p	675 a   3 r   29 p
Rathine	29	Rahine	Ráth Choinn	Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	157 a   3 r   20 p	156 a   2 r   38 p
Fohurlagh	29	Fotherlagh	Fotharlach	Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	210 a   1 r   16 p	211 a   2 r   14 p
Towermore	29	Toormore	An Tuar Mór	Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	140 a   3 r   0 p	142 a   1 r   38 p
Knocknamahallagh	29	Knocknamohalagh	Cnoc na mBathlach	Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	129 a   0 r   0 p	{92 a   1 r   10 p
(Part of Knocknamahallagh)	29	Gneeves	Na Gníomha	Aghadown	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (East Division)	-	{38 a   1 r   5 p
Coolbaune	30	Coolbane	An Chúil Bhán	Caheragh	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (West Division)	470 a   2 r   11 p	518 a   3 r   27 p
Ballycomaune	31	Ballycomane	Baile Uí Chomáin	Durrus	West Carbery (West Division)	West Carbery (West Division)	1315 a   0 r   29 p	1350 a   2 r   13 p
Sir Mount Domain	32   (Part of modern       Curraghbeg)		-	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	{298 a   0 r   38 p	-
Curraghbeg	33   (Part of modern       Curraghbeg)	Curraghbeg	An Chora Bheag	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	{367 a   1 r   17 p	1073 a   4 r   33 p
Curraghmore	34   (Part of modern       Curraghbeg)		An Chora Mhór	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	{414 a   2 r   33 p	-
Castle Inch	35	Castleinch	Caisleán na hInse	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	376 a   0 r   8 p	371 a   1 r   13 p
Ballynamernagh alias Walshestown	36	Walshestown	Baile na mBreatnach	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	304 a   0 r   39 p	303 a   1 r   6 p
Mullaghroe	36	Mullaghroe	An Mullach Rua	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	204 a   2 r   33 p	204 a   1 r   29 p
Lackinirage	37	Lackenareague	An Leaca Réidh	Athnowen	Muskerry	East Muskerry	190 a   1 r   10 p	188 a   3 r   8 p

* Map 10, entitled Woodfield, contains four distinct townlands: Woodfield, Paulbeg, Ballyvackey and Gorralocka. The first three of these combined together accurately match the border of present-day Woodfield, while Gorralocka’s perimeter barely deviates from that of Garralacka today. The townland bordering Gorralocka and Ballyvackey to the east of the Freke lands in Map 10 is also called Ballyvackey, which is the name of the townland bordering present-day Woodfield and Garralacka to the east. Among the townlands listed in Petty’s 1659 ‘census’ of Ireland in the civil parish of ‘Keilkerawnemore’ (now Kilkerranmore) are ‘Ballyvackimore’, ‘Ballyvackybegg’ and ‘Garrylucky’. The acreage of modern Ballyvackey is 294 acres while that of the second Ballyvackey within the 1788 Freke estate is 190 acres. This suggests that the larger modern Ballyvackey corresponds to Ballyvackimore (Baile an Bhacaigh Mór) and the smaller Freke-owned Ballyvackey corresponds to Ballyvackybegg (Baile an Bhacaigh Beag).

Index of townlands with acreages

Endpaper

Back Cover

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Table 2: Named tenants and their holdings

Townland name recorded in Freke Estate Survey	Map	Tenant(s)	Area of tenant holding
Carrigfadeen	4	Hurley and Crimeen	69 a   3 r   0 p
Carrigfadeen	4	Daniel Donovan	31 a   2 r   4 p
Carrigfadeen	4	Daniel Connolly	51 a   1 r   22 p
Woodfield	10	Denis Hayes	169 a   3 r   8 p
Paulbeg	10	Darby & Pat Sheehy	118 a   2 r   14 p
Paulbeg	10	John Collins	122 a   2 r   18 p
Ballyvackey	10	Denis Carthy	50 a   0 r   15 p
Ballyvackey	10	John Bateman	140 a   3 r   0 p
Gorralocka	10	Timothy Carthy	233 a   0 r   13 p
Maullicorcoran	11	Widow Cambridge	44 a   0 r   16 p
Maullicorcoran	11	Peter Cusack	91 a   3 r   3 p
Coolcraheen	13	William Wolfe	118 a   1 r   26 p
Coolcraheen	13	John Wolfe	90 a   1 r   24 p
Coolcraheen	13	Samuel Wright	79 a   1 r   4 p
Bohenaughts	16	Hea’s land	110 a   2 r   22 p
Bohenaughts	16	Priest’s land	69 a   1 r   0 p
Bohenaughts	16	Toombrock	74 a   0 r   6 p
Bohenaughts	16	Crowley’s Division	113 a   2 r   30 p
Curragheen	18	Owen Harrington	9 a   1 r   14 p
Curragheen	18	John Hungerford	3 a   3 r   28 p
Curragheen	18	John Hungerford	8 a   0 r   38 p
Curragheen	18	Long	3 a   1 r   19 p
Curragheen	18	Coveny	5 a   1 r   35 p
Ballyvireen	19	Widow O’Hea	108 a   0 r   36 p
Ballyvireen	19	Widow O’Hea’s Mill-holding	21 a   0 r   21 p
Ballyvireen	19	Daniel O’Donovan	110 a   2 r   0 p
Rathmore	24	Gortcathleen	186 a   0 r   0 p
Rathmore	24	Lahernavedoragh* or Weaver’s Land	132 a   3 r   8 p
Rathmore	24	Berry’s Division	134 a   0 r   10 p

* The dual naming indicates that the original Irish placename is Leathfhearann na bhFíodórach: fíodórach is an old genitive singular form of fíodóir/figheadóir, a weaver, see edil, headword 22047. Caora has the same genitive singular and plural form caorach as illustrated in the placename Gleann na gCaorach (Glenageary). This suggests that fíodórach is likewise both a genitive singular and plural form of fíodóir.

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Table 3: Reference for Town of Old Ross (Up/Down arrows point to combined acreage of multiple lots with shared garden)