Khan Academy on a Stick
Thermodynamics
-
Thermodynamics (part 1)
Intuition of how gases generate pressure in a container and why pressure x volume is proportional to the combined kinetic energy of the molecules in the volume.
-
Thermodynamics (part 2)
Example problem that pv=pv. Introduction to temperature.
-
Thermodynamics (part 3)
Introduction to Kelvin. Example of a problem involving the ideal gas law
-
Thermodynamics (part 4)
Introduction to the concept of a mole. Universal gas constant R. PV=nRT
-
Thermodynamics (part 5)
Example problem involving PV=nRT
-
Macrostates and microstates
The difference between macrostates and microstates. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
-
Quasistatic and reversible processes
Using theoretically quasi-static and/or reversible processes to stay pretty much at equilibrium.
-
First law of thermodynamics / internal energy
First law of thermodynamic and Internal Energy
-
More on internal energy
Getting more intuition of internal energy, heat, and work
-
Work from expansion
How a system can do work by expanding
-
Pv-diagrams and expansion work
Why work from expansion is the area under the curve of a PV-diagram
-
Proof: U = (3/2)PV or U = (3/2)nRT
Conceptual proof that the internal energy of an ideal gas system is 3/2 PV.
-
Work done by isothermic process
Isothermic and Adiabatic processes. Calculating the work done by an isothermic process. Seeing that it is the same as the heat added.
-
Carnot cycle and Carnot engine
Introduction to the Carnot cycle and Carnot heat engine
-
Proof: Volume ratios in a carnot cycle
Proof of the volume ratios in a Carnot Cycle
-
Proof: S (or entropy) is a valid state variable
Proof that S (or entropy) is a valid state variable.
-
Thermodynamic entropy definition clarification
Clarifying that the thermodynamic definition of Entropy requires a reversible system.
-
Reconciling thermodynamic and state definitions of entropy
Long video explaining why entropy is a measure of the number of states a system can take on (mathy, but mind-blowing).
-
Entropy intuition
A discussion of what entropy is and what it isn't.
-
Maxwell's demon
Maxwell's Demon: A thought experiment that seems to defy the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
-
More on entropy
More clarification as to what entropy is and what entropy is not.
-
Efficiency of a Carnot engine
Definition of efficiency for a heat engine. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine.
-
Carnot efficiency 2: Reversing the cycle
Seeing how we can scale and or reverse a Carnot Engine (to make a refrigerator)
-
Carnot efficiency 3: Proving that it is the most efficient
Proving that a Carnot Engine is the most efficient engine
-
Enthalpy
Understanding why enthalpy can be viewed as "heat content" in a constant pressure system.
-
Heat of formation
Standard heat of formation or standard enthalpy change of formation.
-
Hess's law and reaction enthalpy change
Using Hess's Law and standard heats of formation to determine the enthalpy change for reactions
-
Gibbs free energy and spontaneity
Intuition behind why spontaneity is driven by enthalpy, entropy and temperature. Introduction to Gibbs free energy.
-
Gibbs free energy example
Determining if a reaction is spontaneous by calculating the change in Gibbs Free Energy.
-
More rigorous Gibbs free energy / spontaneity relationship
More formal understanding of why a negative change in Gibbs Free Energy implies a spontaneous, irreversible reaction.
-
A look at a seductive but wrong Gibbs/spontaneity proof
A look at why the "proof" of the relation between changes in Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity is wrong in many textbooks.
-
Stoichiometry example problem 1
Figuring grams of reactants and product produced from reaction of phosphorous and chlorine.
-
Stoichiometry example problem 2
-
Limiting reactant example problem 1
Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1
-
Empirical and molecular formulas from stoichiometry
Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry
-
Example of finding reactant empirical formula
Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula
-
Stoichiometry of a reaction in solution
Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution
-
Another stoichiometry example in a solution
Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution
-
Molecular and empirical formulas from percent composition
Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition. Example 2.9 from Kotz Chemistry book
-
Hess's law example
Hess's Law Example