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Syntactic Compounds.
266.
In many apparent compounds, complete words -
not stems - have grown together in speech. These are not strictly
compounds in the etymological sense. They are called Syntactic Compounds.
Examples are: -
a. Compounds of fació, factó, with an actual or
formerly existing noun-stem confounded with a verbal stem in é-. These are causative in
force:
-
- cónsué-fació,
habituate (cf. cónsué-scó, become accustomed).
- cale-fació,
cale-factó, to heat (cf. calé-scó, grow warm).
b. An adverb or noun combined with a verb:
-
-
- bene-dícó
(bene, well, dícó, speak), to
bless.
- satis-fació (satis, enough, fació, do), to do enough
(for).
c. Many apparent compounds of stems: -
-
- fide-iubeó (fide, surety, iubeó, command), to give
surety.
- mán-suétus
(manuí, to the hand, suétus, accustomed),
tame.
- Márci-por (Márcí puer), slave of
Marcus.
- Iuppiter (Iú, old vocative, and pater), father Jove.
- anim-advertó (animum advertó), attend to,
punish.
d. A few phrases forced into the ordinary
inflections of nouns: -
-
- pró-cónsul,
proconsul (for pró cónsule, instead of a consul).
- trium-vir, triumvir
(singular from trium virórum).
- septen-trió, the
Bear, a constellation (supposed singular of septem triónés, the Seven Plough-Oxen).
In all these cases it is to be observed that words, not
stems, are united.