IBAN: IT36M0708677020000000008016 - BIC/SWIFT:
ICRAITRRU60 - VALERIO DI STEFANO or
Where There Is No Doctor 2011 153
DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY
When a person has loose or watery stools, he has diarrhea. If mucus and blood
can be seen in the stools, he has dysentery.
Diarrhea can be mild or serious. It can be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic
(lasting many days).
Diarrhea is more common and more dangerous in young children, especially
those who are poorly nourished.
This child is well nourished. He is less
likely to get diarrhea. If he gets it he
usually will get well again quickly.
This child is poorly nourished. He
is more likely to get diarrhea—and
there is a much greater chance he
will die from it.
Diarrhea has many causes. Usually no medicines are needed, and the child
gets well in a few days if you give him lots of Rehydration Drink and food. (If he
does not eat much, give him a little food many times a day.) Occasionally, special
treatment is needed. However, most diarrhea can be treated successfully in the
home, even if you are not sure of the exact cause or causes.
THE MAIN CAUSES OF DIARRHEA:
poor nutrition (p. 154). This weakens the
child and makes diarrhea from other causes
more frequent and worse.
shortage of water and unclean conditions (no
latrines) spread the germs that cause diarrhea
virus infection or ‘intestinal flu’
an infection of the gut caused by bacteria
(p. 131), amebas (p. 144), or giardia (p. 145)
worm infections (p. 140 to 144) (most worm
infections do not cause diarrhea)
infections outside the gut (ear infections,
p. 309; tonsillitis, p. 309; measles, p. 311;
urinary infections, p. 234)
malaria (falciparum type—in parts of Africa,
Asia, and the Pacific, p. 186)
food poisoning (spoiled food, p. 135)
HIV (long-lasting diarrhea may be an early
sign of AIDS, p. 399)
inability to digest milk (mainly in severely
malnourished children and certain adults)
difficulty babies have digesting foods that are
new to them (p. 154)
allergies to certain foods (seafood, crayfish,
etc., p. 166); occasionally babies are allergic
to cow’s milk or other milk
side effects produced by certain medicines,
such as ampicillin or tetracycline (p. 58)
laxatives, purges, irritating or poisonous
plants, certain poisons
eating too much unripe fruit or heavy, greasy
foods
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