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ICRAITRRU60 - VALERIO DI STEFANO or
Seizures
Epilepsy
29CHAPTER
233
What are they? Seizures (also called fits or convulsions)
are sudden, usually brief, periods of unconsciousness
or changes in mental state, often with strange jerking
movements.
One out of every 10 or 20 children has at least 1 seizure
by age 15. But only 1 in 50 of these children goes on to
have chronic seizures (repeated fits over a long period of
time)—a condition known as epilepsy.
CAUSES OF CHRONIC Seizures (EPILEPSY)
Seizures come from damage to, or an abnormal condition of, the brain. Common
causes include:
• Injury to the brain. This causes at least 1/3 of epilepsies. Injuries may be before
birth, during birth, or at any time after. The same causes of brain damage that result
in cerebral palsy can cause epilepsy (see p. 91). In fact, cerebral palsy and epilepsy
often occur together. Meningitis is a common cause of this combination. In small
children common causes of seizures are high fever or severe dehydration (loss
of liquids). In very ill persons, the cause may be meningitis, malaria of the brain,
or poisoning (see Where There Is No Doctor, p. 178). Epilepsy that steadily gets
worse, especially if other signs of brain damage begin to appear, may be a sign
of a brain tumor (or of hydrocephalus in a baby—see p. 169). Seizures caused
by a tumor usually affect one side of the body more than the other. Sometimes,
seizures may be caused by pork tapeworms that form cysts in the brain (see
WTND, p. 143).
• Hereditary. There is a family history of seizures in about 1/3 of persons with
seizures.
• Unknown causes. In about 1/3 of epilepsies, no family history or history of brain
damage can be found.
Fever seizures. Children who have
once had a seizure with a high fever
often will have seizures again when
they have a fever—especially if
other persons in the family have had
seizures with fever. Be sure to check
for infections of the ears and throat,
as well as bacterial dysentery (diarrhea
with blood and fever), and treat the
cause.
Seizures that come only with fever
usually stop occurring by the time the
child is 7 years old. Sometimes they
may develop into ‘non-fever-related
epilepsy’, especially if the child has
signs of brain damage (see “Cerebral
Palsy,” p. 87 and 88).
WARNING: Seizures in a very ill child may
be a sign of meningitis—for which immediate
medical treatment is necessary to save his life.
Learn how to check for signs of meningitis (see
Where There Is No Doctor, p. 185).
MENINGITIS
The spasms of tetanus can be mistaken for
seizures. The jaw shuts tightly (lockjaw) and the
body suddenly bends back. Learn to spot early
signs of tetanus (see WTND, p. 182).
TETANUS
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